Description
MOTS-c (Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA Type-c) is a 16-amino acid mitochondrial-derived peptide encoded in the 12S rRNA region of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). It functions as a hormone-like signaling molecule that translocates to the nucleus under metabolic stress to regulate gene expression, promoting metabolic homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, and anti-aging effects.
Key Scientific Aspects:
- Mechanism of Action: Activated by exercise and stress, MOTS-c moves to the nucleus, regulating genes with antioxidant response elements (ARE). It activates the AMPK pathway and improves mitochondrial metabolism, particularly in skeletal muscle, while enhancing fatty acid oxidation.
- Metabolic Regulation: It acts as an “exercise-mimetic” reducing diet-induced obesity, improving glucose uptake, and increasing NAD+ levels. It also suppresses the expression of myostatin, potentially reversing muscle atrophy.
- Clinical Significance: Levels decline with age, and its therapeutic potential is being investigated for obesity, diabetes, osteoporosis, and Alzheimer’s disease.
- Origin: It is one of the few mitochondrial-encoded peptides, alongside humanin and SHLPs, that communicate with the nucleus to regulate cellular adaptation
